Planeten Wechselt das Sternbild eingebaut

public/monatsvorhersage_old.php

@@ -11,35 +11,99 @@ $publicBasePath = './';
 $currentYear = (int) date('Y');
 $selectedYear = isset($_GET['year']) ? (int) $_GET['year'] : $currentYear;
 $selectedMonth = isset($_GET['month']) ? max(1, min(12, (int) $_GET['month'])) : (int) date('n');
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Grenzwerte fuer Sternkarte und Objektanzeige
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Maximale Helligkeit (Magnitude) der Sterne, die aus der Datenbank geladen
+// werden. Hoehere Werte laden mehr, aber auch schwaechere Sterne.
 $starDatabaseMagnitudeLimit = 6.0;
+
+// Maximale Helligkeit der Sterne, die auf der Monats-Sternkarte sichtbar
+// gezeichnet werden sollen.
 $starDisplayMagnitudeLimit = 4.4;
+
+// Sterne bis zu dieser Helligkeit erhalten auf der Sternkarte einen Namen.
 $starLabelMagnitudeLimit = 2.0;
-$messierDatabaseMagnitudeLimit = 4.0;
+
+// Maximale Helligkeit der Messier-Objekte, die aus der Datenbank geladen
+// werden.
+$messierDatabaseMagnitudeLimit = 2.0;
+
+// Messier-Objekte bis zu dieser Helligkeit werden auf der Monatskarte
+// eingeblendet.
 $messierDisplayMagnitudeLimit = 1.0;
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Grenzwerte fuer Monatsereignisse
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Maximaler Winkelabstand fuer Begegnungen zwischen Mond und Planeten.
 $moonPlanetMaxSeparationDeg = 1.5;
+
+// Maximaler Winkelabstand fuer Begegnungen zwischen Mond und ausgewaehlten
+// Sternhaufen wie Plejaden oder Praesepe.
 $moonDeepSkyMaxSeparationDeg = 1.0;
-$planetBrightStarMaxSeparationDeg = 1.0;
+
 // Maximaler Winkelabstand fuer Begegnungen zwischen hellen Planeten und
 // ausgewaehlten hellen Sternen wie Regulus oder Spica.
+$planetBrightStarMaxSeparationDeg = 1.0;
+
+// Maximaler Winkelabstand fuer Planet-Planet-Konjunktionen.
 $planetConjunctionMaxSeparationDeg = 1.0;
+
+// Nur Sterne bis zu dieser Helligkeit werden fuer Mondbedeckungen
+// beruecksichtigt.
 $moonOccultationMaxMag = 2.0;
-// Gute Merkur-Sichtbarkeit wird nicht nur über Elongation, sondern über echte
+
-// Beobachtbarkeit am Himmel definiert: Wir prüfen pro Tag zu einem festen
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Zeitpunkt relativ zu Sonnenauf- oder -untergang, ob Merkur hoch genug steht
+// Schwellen fuer "Gute Merkur-Sichtbarkeit"
-// und die Sonne bereits tief genug unter dem Horizont ist.
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Gute Merkur-Sichtbarkeit wird nicht nur ueber Elongation definiert, sondern
+// ueber echte Beobachtbarkeit in der Daemmerung.
+// Geprueft wird pro Tag:
+// morgens eine feste Zahl Minuten VOR Sonnenaufgang,
+// abends eine feste Zahl Minuten NACH Sonnenuntergang.
 $mercuryGoodVisibilitySampleOffsetMinutes = 45;
-// Morgens: so viele Minuten VOR Sonnenaufgang prüfen.
+
-// Abends: so viele Minuten NACH Sonnenuntergang prüfen.
+// Merkur muss zum Pruefzeitpunkt mindestens diese Hoehe ueber dem Horizont
+// erreichen, damit der Tag als gut sichtbar gilt.
 $mercuryGoodVisibilityMinAltitudeDeg = 7.0;
-// Merkur muss bei diesem Prüfzeitpunkt mindestens so hoch über dem Horizont
+
-// stehen, damit wir die Sichtbarkeit als "gut" einstufen.
+// Gleichzeitig muss die Sonne ausreichend tief unter dem Horizont stehen.
+// So vermeiden wir Treffer, bei denen Merkur zwar formal sichtbar waere, aber
+// noch zu stark in der hellen Daemmerung untergeht.
 $mercuryGoodVisibilityMaxSunAltitudeDeg = -3.0;
-// Die Sonne muss gleichzeitig mindestens 4 Grad unter dem Horizont stehen.
+
-// So vermeiden wir Treffer, bei denen Merkur zwar formal da ist, aber noch zu
+// Erst ab dieser Anzahl aufeinanderfolgender guter Tage erzeugen wir ein
-// stark in der hellen Dämmerung untergeht.
+// Monatsereignis. Einzelne Ausreisser-Tage werden dadurch herausgefiltert.
 $mercuryGoodVisibilityMinConsecutiveDays = 3;
-// Einzelne gute Tage sind oft zu zufällig. Erst ab dieser Anzahl
+
-// aufeinanderfolgender Tage erzeugen wir ein Monatsereignis.
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Schwellen fuer "Planetenparade"
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Geprueft wird morgens eine feste Zahl Minuten VOR Sonnenaufgang und abends
+// eine feste Zahl Minuten NACH Sonnenuntergang.
+$planetParadeSampleOffsetMinutes = 45;
+
+// Ein Planet zaehlt fuer die Parade nur dann mit, wenn er zum Pruefzeitpunkt
+// mindestens diese Hoehe ueber dem Horizont erreicht.
+$planetParadeMinAltitudeDeg = 7.0;
+
+// Gleichzeitig muss die Sonne bereits tief genug unter dem Horizont stehen,
+// damit die Parade nicht nur rechnerisch, sondern auch praktisch sichtbar ist.
+$planetParadeMaxSunAltitudeDeg = -4.0;
+
+// Die beteiligten Planeten muessen innerhalb dieses Azimutbogens liegen.
+// So vermeiden wir Treffer, bei denen die Planeten zu weit ueber den Himmel
+// verteilt sind und nicht mehr als zusammenhaengende Parade wirken.
+$planetParadeMaxAzimuthSpanDeg = 120.0;
+
+// Mindestens so viele helle Planeten muessen gleichzeitig sichtbar sein,
+// damit wir von einer Planetenparade sprechen.
+$planetParadeMinPlanetCount = 4;
+
+// Erst ab dieser Anzahl aufeinanderfolgender Tage erzeugen wir ein Ereignis.
+// Das filtert kurzlebige Ein-Tages-Treffer heraus.
+$planetParadeMinConsecutiveDays = 2;
 
 $years = range($currentYear - 2, $currentYear + 5);
 $months = [
@@ -83,6 +147,8 @@ $moonPlanetApproaches = [];
 $moonDeepSkyApproaches = [];
 $planetBrightStarApproaches = [];
 $mercuryGoodVisibilityEvents = [];
+$planetParadeEvents = [];
+$planetConstellationChangeEvents = [];
 $planetConjunctions = [];
 $eclipseEvents = [];
 $moonApsisEvents = [];
@@ -203,6 +269,171 @@ if (!function_exists('findMonthForecastSolarLongitudeCrossing')) {
     }
 }
 
+if (!function_exists('buildObservationTipInsertSql')) {
+    function buildObservationTipInsertSql(array $events, DateTimeZone $timezone): string
+    {
+        $rows = [];
+
+        foreach ($events as $event) {
+            if (!is_array($event)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $tip = trim((string) ($event['event'] ?? ''));
+            if ($tip === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $moment = null;
+            $localIso = trim((string) ($event['local_iso'] ?? ''));
+            if ($localIso !== '') {
+                try {
+                    $moment = new DateTimeImmutable($localIso);
+                } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                    $moment = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!$moment instanceof DateTimeImmutable) {
+                $date = trim((string) ($event['date'] ?? ''));
+                $time = trim((string) ($event['time'] ?? ''));
+                if ($date !== '' && $time !== '') {
+                    $moment = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('d.m.Y H:i', $date . ' ' . $time, $timezone) ?: null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!$moment instanceof DateTimeImmutable) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $rows[] = sprintf(
+                "('%s', '%s')",
+                $moment->setTimezone($timezone)->format('Y-m-d H:i:s'),
+                str_replace("'", "''", $tip)
+            );
+        }
+
+        if ($rows === []) {
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        return "INSERT INTO `astro_sonobs_observationtips` (`moment`, `tip`)\nVALUES\n  "
+            . implode(",\n  ", $rows)
+            . ";\n";
+    }
+}
+
+if (!function_exists('escapeIcalText')) {
+    function escapeIcalText(string $value): string
+    {
+        return str_replace(
+            ["\\", ";", ",", "\r\n", "\n", "\r"],
+            ["\\\\", "\\;", "\\,", "\\n", "\\n", "\\n"],
+            $value
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+if (!function_exists('foldIcalLine')) {
+    function foldIcalLine(string $line): string
+    {
+        $chunks = preg_split('/(.{1,73})/u', $line, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE | PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
+        if ($chunks === false || $chunks === []) {
+            return $line;
+        }
+
+        $firstChunk = array_shift($chunks);
+        return $firstChunk . ($chunks ? "\r\n " . implode("\r\n ", $chunks) : '');
+    }
+}
+
+if (!function_exists('buildObservationTipCalendarIcs')) {
+    function buildObservationTipCalendarIcs(array $events, DateTimeZone $timezone): string
+    {
+        $lines = [
+            'BEGIN:VCALENDAR',
+            'VERSION:2.0',
+            'PRODID:-//AstroTools//Monatsvorhersage//DE',
+            'CALSCALE:GREGORIAN',
+            'METHOD:PUBLISH',
+            'X-WR-CALNAME:AstroTools Monatsereignisse',
+        ];
+
+        $createdUtc = (new DateTimeImmutable('now', new DateTimeZone('UTC')))->format('Ymd\THis\Z');
+
+        foreach ($events as $index => $event) {
+            if (!is_array($event)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $summary = trim((string) ($event['event'] ?? ''));
+            if ($summary === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $moment = null;
+            $localIso = trim((string) ($event['local_iso'] ?? ''));
+            if ($localIso !== '') {
+                try {
+                    $moment = new DateTimeImmutable($localIso);
+                } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                    $moment = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!$moment instanceof DateTimeImmutable) {
+                $date = trim((string) ($event['date'] ?? ''));
+                $time = trim((string) ($event['time'] ?? ''));
+                if ($date !== '' && $time !== '') {
+                    $moment = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('d.m.Y H:i', $date . ' ' . $time, $timezone) ?: null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!$moment instanceof DateTimeImmutable) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $startUtc = $moment->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+            $endMoment = null;
+            $endLocalIso = trim((string) ($event['end_local_iso'] ?? ''));
+            if ($endLocalIso !== '') {
+                try {
+                    $endMoment = new DateTimeImmutable($endLocalIso);
+                } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                    $endMoment = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!$endMoment instanceof DateTimeImmutable) {
+                $durationMinutes = isset($event['duration_minutes']) ? max(1, (int) $event['duration_minutes']) : 15;
+                $endMoment = $moment->modify('+' . $durationMinutes . ' minutes');
+            }
+
+            $endUtc = $endMoment->setTimezone(new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
+            $uidBase = sha1($startUtc->format(DateTimeInterface::ATOM) . '|' . $summary . '|' . (string) $index);
+
+            $eventLines = [
+                'BEGIN:VEVENT',
+                'UID:' . $uidBase . '@astrotools.local',
+                'DTSTAMP:' . $createdUtc,
+                'DTSTART:' . $startUtc->format('Ymd\THis\Z'),
+                'DTEND:' . $endUtc->format('Ymd\THis\Z'),
+                'SUMMARY:' . escapeIcalText($summary),
+                'DESCRIPTION:' . escapeIcalText($summary),
+                'END:VEVENT',
+            ];
+
+            foreach ($eventLines as $eventLine) {
+                $lines[] = foldIcalLine($eventLine);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $lines[] = 'END:VCALENDAR';
+
+        return implode("\r\n", $lines) . "\r\n";
+    }
+}
+
 try {
     $dbConfig = require __DIR__ . '/../config/database.php';
     $dsn = sprintf(
@@ -766,6 +997,49 @@ if (is_array($mercuryGoodVisibilityDecoded) && ($mercuryGoodVisibilityDecoded['o
     $mercuryGoodVisibilityEvents = is_array($mercuryGoodVisibilityDecoded['events'] ?? null) ? $mercuryGoodVisibilityDecoded['events'] : [];
 }
 
+$planetParadeOutput = [];
+$planetParadeExitCode = 0;
+$planetParadeArgs = [
+    $pythonScriptPath,
+    'planet_parades_for_month',
+    (string) $chartLatitude,
+    (string) $chartLongitude,
+    (string) $chartElevation,
+    (string) $selectedYear,
+    (string) $selectedMonth,
+    $chartTimezone,
+    (string) $planetParadeSampleOffsetMinutes,
+    (string) $planetParadeMinAltitudeDeg,
+    (string) $planetParadeMaxSunAltitudeDeg,
+    (string) $planetParadeMaxAzimuthSpanDeg,
+    (string) $planetParadeMinPlanetCount,
+    (string) $planetParadeMinConsecutiveDays,
+];
+$planetParadeCommand = $pythonExecutable . ' ' . implode(' ', array_map('escapeshellarg', $planetParadeArgs)) . ' 2>&1';
+exec($planetParadeCommand, $planetParadeOutput, $planetParadeExitCode);
+$planetParadeRaw = trim(implode("\n", $planetParadeOutput));
+$planetParadeDecoded = json_decode($planetParadeRaw, true);
+if (is_array($planetParadeDecoded) && ($planetParadeDecoded['ok'] ?? false)) {
+    $planetParadeEvents = is_array($planetParadeDecoded['events'] ?? null) ? $planetParadeDecoded['events'] : [];
+}
+
+$planetConstellationChangeOutput = [];
+$planetConstellationChangeExitCode = 0;
+$planetConstellationChangeArgs = [
+    $pythonScriptPath,
+    'planet_constellation_changes_for_month',
+    (string) $selectedYear,
+    (string) $selectedMonth,
+    $chartTimezone,
+];
+$planetConstellationChangeCommand = $pythonExecutable . ' ' . implode(' ', array_map('escapeshellarg', $planetConstellationChangeArgs)) . ' 2>&1';
+exec($planetConstellationChangeCommand, $planetConstellationChangeOutput, $planetConstellationChangeExitCode);
+$planetConstellationChangeRaw = trim(implode("\n", $planetConstellationChangeOutput));
+$planetConstellationChangeDecoded = json_decode($planetConstellationChangeRaw, true);
+if (is_array($planetConstellationChangeDecoded) && ($planetConstellationChangeDecoded['ok'] ?? false)) {
+    $planetConstellationChangeEvents = is_array($planetConstellationChangeDecoded['events'] ?? null) ? $planetConstellationChangeDecoded['events'] : [];
+}
+
 $moonOccultationStars = [];
 try {
     if (isset($pdo)) {
@@ -1054,6 +1328,8 @@ foreach ($jupiterMoonSideEvents as $jupiterMoonSideEvent) {
         'date' => (string) ($jupiterMoonSideEvent['local_date'] ?? ''),
         'time' => (string) ($jupiterMoonSideEvent['local_time'] ?? ''),
         'local_iso' => (string) ($jupiterMoonSideEvent['local_iso'] ?? ''),
+        'end_local_iso' => (string) ($jupiterMoonSideEvent['end_local_iso'] ?? ''),
+        'duration_minutes' => isset($jupiterMoonSideEvent['duration_minutes']) ? (int) $jupiterMoonSideEvent['duration_minutes'] : null,
         'type' => 'jupiter_moons_one_side',
     ];
 }
@@ -1140,10 +1416,42 @@ foreach ($mercuryGoodVisibilityEvents as $visibilityEvent) {
         'date' => (string) ($visibilityEvent['local_date'] ?? ''),
         'time' => (string) ($visibilityEvent['local_time'] ?? ''),
         'local_iso' => (string) ($visibilityEvent['local_iso'] ?? ''),
+        'end_local_iso' => (string) ($visibilityEvent['end_local_iso'] ?? ''),
+        'duration_minutes' => isset($visibilityEvent['duration_minutes']) ? (int) $visibilityEvent['duration_minutes'] : null,
         'type' => 'mercury_good_visibility',
     ];
 }
 
+foreach ($planetParadeEvents as $paradeEvent) {
+    if (!is_array($paradeEvent)) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    $monthEventList[] = [
+        'event' => (string) ($paradeEvent['label'] ?? 'Planetenparade'),
+        'date' => (string) ($paradeEvent['local_date'] ?? ''),
+        'time' => (string) ($paradeEvent['local_time'] ?? ''),
+        'local_iso' => (string) ($paradeEvent['local_iso'] ?? ''),
+        'end_local_iso' => (string) ($paradeEvent['end_local_iso'] ?? ''),
+        'duration_minutes' => isset($paradeEvent['duration_minutes']) ? (int) $paradeEvent['duration_minutes'] : null,
+        'type' => 'planet_parade',
+    ];
+}
+
+foreach ($planetConstellationChangeEvents as $changeEvent) {
+    if (!is_array($changeEvent)) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    $monthEventList[] = [
+        'event' => (string) ($changeEvent['label'] ?? 'Planet wechselt Sternbild'),
+        'date' => (string) ($changeEvent['local_date'] ?? ''),
+        'time' => (string) ($changeEvent['local_time'] ?? ''),
+        'local_iso' => (string) ($changeEvent['local_iso'] ?? ''),
+        'type' => 'planet_constellation_change',
+    ];
+}
+
 foreach ($moonOccultations as $occultationEvent) {
     if (!is_array($occultationEvent)) {
         continue;
@@ -1227,6 +1535,9 @@ usort(
     static fn (array $a, array $b): int => strcmp((string) ($a['local_iso'] ?? ''), (string) ($b['local_iso'] ?? ''))
 );
 
+$observationTipInsertSql = buildObservationTipInsertSql($monthEventList, new DateTimeZone($chartTimezone));
+$observationTipCalendarIcs = buildObservationTipCalendarIcs($monthEventList, new DateTimeZone($chartTimezone));
+
 $chartConfig = [
     'monthName' => $months[$selectedMonth],
     'year' => $selectedYear,
@@ -1256,6 +1567,8 @@ $planetDataJson = json_encode($planetData, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAP
 $moonDataJson = json_encode($moonData, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 $moonPhaseEventsJson = json_encode($moonPhaseEvents, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 $starDataErrorJson = json_encode($starDataError, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
+$observationTipCalendarIcsJson = json_encode($observationTipCalendarIcs, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
+$observationTipCalendarFilenameJson = json_encode(sprintf('astrotools-monatsereignisse-%04d-%02d.ics', $selectedYear, $selectedMonth), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 ?>
 
 <section class="card monatsvorhersage-card">
@@ -1358,9 +1671,30 @@ $starDataErrorJson = json_encode($starDataError, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_U
           <h3>Ereignisse <?= htmlspecialchars($months[$selectedMonth] . ' ' . (string) $selectedYear, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?></h3>
           <p>Chronologische Monatsliste fuer <?= htmlspecialchars($chartTimezone, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?></p>
         </div>
+        <div class="monatskarte-export">
+          <?php if ($observationTipInsertSql !== ''): ?>
+            <button type="button" class="monatskarte-export-button" id="toggleObservationTipSql">
+              SQL-Insert anzeigen
+            </button>
+          <?php endif; ?>
+          <?php if ($observationTipCalendarIcs !== ''): ?>
+            <button type="button" class="monatskarte-export-button" id="downloadObservationTipIcal">
+              iCal herunterladen
+            </button>
+          <?php endif; ?>
+        </div>
       </div>
 
       <div class="monatskarte-footer">
+        <?php if ($observationTipInsertSql !== ''): ?>
+          <div class="monatskarte-sql-export" id="observationTipSqlPanel" hidden>
+            <label class="monatskarte-sql-label" for="observationTipSqlOutput">SQL fuer `astro_sonobs_observationtips`</label>
+            <textarea id="observationTipSqlOutput" readonly><?= htmlspecialchars($observationTipInsertSql, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8') ?></textarea>
+            <div class="monatskarte-sql-actions">
+              <button type="button" class="monatskarte-export-button" id="copyObservationTipSql">SQL kopieren</button>
+            </div>
+          </div>
+        <?php endif; ?>
         <?php if ($monthEventList): ?>
           <div class="riseset-grid" style="grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr; row-gap: 10px;">
             <span class="riseset-label riseset-dim">Ereignis</span>
@@ -1478,6 +1812,54 @@ $starDataErrorJson = json_encode($starDataError, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_U
   align-items: flex-start;
 }
 
+.monatskarte-export {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+}
+
+.monatskarte-export-button {
+  min-height: 40px;
+  padding: 8px 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(150, 190, 255, 0.72);
+  border-radius: 999px;
+  background: rgba(24, 43, 83, 0.92);
+  color: rgba(245, 248, 255, 0.96);
+  font: inherit;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.monatskarte-sql-export {
+  display: grid;
+  gap: 12px;
+  margin-bottom: 18px;
+  padding: 16px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(108, 145, 220, 0.22);
+  border-radius: 16px;
+  background: rgba(6, 11, 22, 0.72);
+}
+
+.monatskarte-sql-label {
+  color: rgba(235, 242, 255, 0.95);
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.monatskarte-sql-export textarea {
+  width: 100%;
+  min-height: 220px;
+  padding: 12px 14px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(108, 145, 220, 0.28);
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  background: rgba(3, 7, 14, 0.96);
+  color: rgba(233, 239, 250, 0.94);
+  font: 13px/1.5 Consolas, Monaco, monospace;
+  resize: vertical;
+}
+
+.monatskarte-sql-actions {
+  display: flex;
+  justify-content: flex-end;
+}
+
 .monatskarte-stage {
   padding: 0 20px 20px;
 }
@@ -1546,6 +1928,62 @@ const MONTH_CHART_PLANETS = <?= $planetDataJson ?: '[]' ?>;
 const MONTH_CHART_MOON = <?= $moonDataJson ?: 'null' ?>;
 const MONTH_PHASE_EVENTS = <?= $moonPhaseEventsJson ?: '[]' ?>;
 const MONTH_CHART_ERROR = <?= $starDataErrorJson ?: 'null' ?>;
+const OBSERVATION_TIP_ICAL = <?= $observationTipCalendarIcsJson ?: '""' ?>;
+const OBSERVATION_TIP_ICAL_FILENAME = <?= $observationTipCalendarFilenameJson ?: '"astrotools-monatsereignisse.ics"' ?>;
+
+(function () {
+  const toggleButton = document.getElementById('toggleObservationTipSql');
+  const copyButton = document.getElementById('copyObservationTipSql');
+  const icalButton = document.getElementById('downloadObservationTipIcal');
+  const panel = document.getElementById('observationTipSqlPanel');
+  const output = document.getElementById('observationTipSqlOutput');
+
+  if (toggleButton && panel) {
+    toggleButton.addEventListener('click', function () {
+      const isHidden = panel.hasAttribute('hidden');
+      if (isHidden) {
+        panel.removeAttribute('hidden');
+        toggleButton.textContent = 'SQL-Insert ausblenden';
+      } else {
+        panel.setAttribute('hidden', '');
+        toggleButton.textContent = 'SQL-Insert anzeigen';
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (copyButton && output && navigator.clipboard) {
+    copyButton.addEventListener('click', async function () {
+      try {
+        await navigator.clipboard.writeText(output.value);
+        copyButton.textContent = 'SQL kopiert';
+        window.setTimeout(function () {
+          copyButton.textContent = 'SQL kopieren';
+        }, 1800);
+      } catch (error) {
+        copyButton.textContent = 'Kopieren fehlgeschlagen';
+        window.setTimeout(function () {
+          copyButton.textContent = 'SQL kopieren';
+        }, 1800);
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  if (icalButton && OBSERVATION_TIP_ICAL) {
+    icalButton.addEventListener('click', function () {
+      const blob = new Blob([OBSERVATION_TIP_ICAL], { type: 'text/calendar;charset=utf-8' });
+      const objectUrl = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+      const link = document.createElement('a');
+      link.href = objectUrl;
+      link.download = OBSERVATION_TIP_ICAL_FILENAME || 'astrotools-monatsereignisse.ics';
+      document.body.appendChild(link);
+      link.click();
+      document.body.removeChild(link);
+      window.setTimeout(function () {
+        window.URL.revokeObjectURL(objectUrl);
+      }, 0);
+    });
+  }
+})();
 
 (function () {
   const imageEl = document.getElementById('monatsphasenImage');

public/py/api.py

@@ -273,6 +273,26 @@ def body_altitude_deg(
     return float(hor.altitude)
 
 
+def body_horizontal_coords(
+    body: astronomy.Body,
+    observer: astronomy.Observer,
+    dt_utc: datetime,
+) -> tuple[float, float]:
+    time_value = dt_to_time(dt_utc)
+    eq = astronomy.Equator(body, time_value, observer, True, True)
+    hor = astronomy.Horizon(time_value, observer, eq.ra, eq.dec, astronomy.Refraction.Normal)
+    return float(hor.altitude), float(hor.azimuth)
+
+
+def body_constellation_info(
+    body: astronomy.Body,
+    dt_utc: datetime,
+) -> astronomy.ConstellationInfo:
+    time_value = dt_to_time(dt_utc)
+    equ = astronomy.EquatorFromVector(astronomy.GeoVector(body, time_value, True))
+    return astronomy.Constellation(equ.ra, equ.dec)
+
+
 def serialize_body_position(
     key: str,
     label: str,
@@ -419,7 +439,13 @@ def action_mercury_good_visibility_for_month(args: list[str]) -> dict:
                             "local_iso": start_local.isoformat(),
                             "local_date": start_local.strftime("%d.%m.%Y"),
                             "local_time": start_local.strftime("%H:%M"),
+                            "end_local_iso": end_day[f"{period_key}_local"].isoformat() if end_day[f"{period_key}_local"] is not None else start_local.isoformat(),
+                            "end_local_time": end_day[f"{period_key}_local"].strftime("%H:%M") if end_day[f"{period_key}_local"] is not None else start_local.strftime("%H:%M"),
                             "end_local_date": end_day["date"],
+                            "duration_minutes": max(
+                                1,
+                                int(round((((end_day[f"{period_key}_local"] or start_local) - start_local).total_seconds()) / 60.0)),
+                            ),
                             "duration_days": duration_days,
                         })
                 start_index = None
@@ -446,6 +472,368 @@ def action_mercury_good_visibility_for_month(args: list[str]) -> dict:
     }
 
 
+def action_planet_parades_for_month(args: list[str]) -> dict:
+    if len(args) != 12:
+        fail(
+            "Aktion planet_parades_for_month erwartet 12 Argumente: latitude longitude elevation year month timezone sample_offset_minutes min_planet_alt_deg max_sun_alt_deg max_azimuth_span_deg min_planet_count min_consecutive_days",
+            extra={"argv": args},
+        )
+
+    latitude = parse_float(args[0], "Latitude")
+    longitude = parse_float(args[1], "Longitude")
+    elevation = parse_float(args[2], "Elevation")
+
+    try:
+        year = int(args[3])
+        month = int(args[4])
+        sample_offset_minutes = int(args[6])
+        min_planet_count = int(args[10])
+        min_consecutive_days = int(args[11])
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        fail("Jahr, Monat oder Parade-Parameter sind ungueltig.", extra={"details": str(exc), "argv": args})
+
+    if month < 1 or month > 12:
+        fail("Monat muss zwischen 1 und 12 liegen.", extra={"month": month})
+
+    timezone_name = args[5]
+    min_planet_alt_deg = parse_float(args[7], "Minimale Planetenhoehe")
+    max_sun_alt_deg = parse_float(args[8], "Maximale Sonnenhoehe")
+    max_azimuth_span_deg = parse_float(args[9], "Maximale Azimutspanne")
+
+    try:
+        tz = ZoneInfo(timezone_name)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        fail("Zeitzone ist ungueltig oder auf dem Server nicht verfuegbar.", extra={"details": str(exc)})
+
+    observer = astronomy.Observer(latitude, longitude, elevation)
+    local_start = datetime(year, month, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+    if month == 12:
+        local_end = datetime(year + 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+    else:
+        local_end = datetime(year, month + 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+
+    planet_defs = [
+        ("Merkur", astronomy.Body.Mercury, "mercury"),
+        ("Venus", astronomy.Body.Venus, "venus"),
+        ("Mars", astronomy.Body.Mars, "mars"),
+        ("Jupiter", astronomy.Body.Jupiter, "jupiter"),
+        ("Saturn", astronomy.Body.Saturn, "saturn"),
+    ]
+
+    daily_checks: list[dict] = []
+    current_local = local_start
+    while current_local < local_end:
+        day_start_utc = current_local.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        next_day_utc = (current_local + timedelta(days=1)).astimezone(timezone.utc)
+        start_time = dt_to_time(day_start_utc)
+
+        sunrise = search_event(astronomy.Body.Sun, astronomy.Direction.Rise, observer, start_time, next_day_utc)
+        sunset = search_event(astronomy.Body.Sun, astronomy.Direction.Set, observer, start_time, next_day_utc)
+
+        def build_period(period_key: str, sample_local: datetime | None) -> dict:
+            if sample_local is None:
+                return {
+                    "ok": False,
+                    "sample_local": None,
+                    "sun_alt_deg": None,
+                    "visible_planets": [],
+                    "azimuth_span_deg": None,
+                }
+
+            sample_utc = sample_local.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+            sun_alt_deg = body_altitude_deg(astronomy.Body.Sun, observer, sample_utc)
+            visible_planets = []
+            for label, body, key in planet_defs:
+                planet_alt_deg, planet_az_deg = body_horizontal_coords(body, observer, sample_utc)
+                if planet_alt_deg >= min_planet_alt_deg:
+                    visible_planets.append({
+                        "key": key,
+                        "label": label,
+                        "altitude_deg": planet_alt_deg,
+                        "azimuth_deg": planet_az_deg,
+                    })
+
+            azimuth_span_deg = None
+            if visible_planets:
+                azimuths = sorted(planet["azimuth_deg"] for planet in visible_planets)
+                if len(azimuths) == 1:
+                    azimuth_span_deg = 0.0
+                else:
+                    wrap_gaps = [
+                        azimuths[index + 1] - azimuths[index]
+                        for index in range(len(azimuths) - 1)
+                    ]
+                    wrap_gaps.append((azimuths[0] + 360.0) - azimuths[-1])
+                    azimuth_span_deg = 360.0 - max(wrap_gaps)
+
+            is_ok = (
+                sun_alt_deg <= max_sun_alt_deg
+                and len(visible_planets) >= min_planet_count
+                and azimuth_span_deg is not None
+                and azimuth_span_deg <= max_azimuth_span_deg
+            )
+
+            return {
+                "ok": is_ok,
+                "sample_local": sample_local,
+                "sun_alt_deg": sun_alt_deg,
+                "visible_planets": visible_planets,
+                "azimuth_span_deg": azimuth_span_deg,
+            }
+
+        morning_local = None
+        if sunrise is not None:
+            sunrise_local = time_to_datetime(sunrise).astimezone(tz)
+            morning_local = sunrise_local - timedelta(minutes=sample_offset_minutes)
+
+        evening_local = None
+        if sunset is not None:
+            sunset_local = time_to_datetime(sunset).astimezone(tz)
+            evening_local = sunset_local + timedelta(minutes=sample_offset_minutes)
+
+        daily_checks.append({
+            "date": current_local.strftime("%d.%m.%Y"),
+            "morning": build_period("morning", morning_local),
+            "evening": build_period("evening", evening_local),
+        })
+
+        current_local += timedelta(days=1)
+
+    def build_windows(period_key: str, label_text: str) -> list[dict]:
+        events = []
+        start_index = None
+
+        for index, day in enumerate(daily_checks):
+            period = day[period_key]
+            is_ok = bool(period["ok"])
+            if is_ok and start_index is None:
+                start_index = index
+
+            is_last = index == len(daily_checks) - 1
+            if start_index is not None and (not is_ok or is_last):
+                end_index = index if (is_ok and is_last) else index - 1
+                duration_days = end_index - start_index + 1
+                if duration_days >= min_consecutive_days:
+                    window_days = daily_checks[start_index:end_index + 1]
+                    start_day = window_days[0]
+                    end_day = window_days[-1]
+                    start_period = start_day[period_key]
+                    start_local = start_period["sample_local"]
+
+                    if start_local is not None:
+                        range_text = (
+                            start_day["date"]
+                            if start_index == end_index
+                            else f'{start_day["date"]} bis {end_day["date"]}'
+                        )
+
+                        common_labels: set[str] | None = None
+                        max_visible_labels: list[str] = []
+                        max_visible_count = 0
+                        min_span_deg = None
+
+                        for window_day in window_days:
+                            day_period = window_day[period_key]
+                            visible_labels = [planet["label"] for planet in day_period["visible_planets"]]
+                            visible_set = set(visible_labels)
+                            common_labels = visible_set if common_labels is None else (common_labels & visible_set)
+                            if len(visible_labels) > max_visible_count:
+                                max_visible_count = len(visible_labels)
+                                max_visible_labels = visible_labels
+                            span_value = day_period["azimuth_span_deg"]
+                            if span_value is not None:
+                                min_span_deg = span_value if min_span_deg is None else min(min_span_deg, span_value)
+
+                        parade_labels = sorted(common_labels) if common_labels else max_visible_labels
+                        planet_text = ", ".join(parade_labels)
+                        count_text = f"{max_visible_count} Planeten"
+                        detail_parts = [count_text]
+                        if planet_text:
+                            detail_parts.append(planet_text)
+                        detail_parts.append(range_text)
+
+                        events.append({
+                            "period": period_key,
+                            "label": f"Planetenparade am {label_text} ({'; '.join(detail_parts)})",
+                            "planet_count": max_visible_count,
+                            "planet_labels": parade_labels,
+                            "best_azimuth_span_deg": min_span_deg,
+                            "utc_iso": start_local.astimezone(timezone.utc).isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z"),
+                            "local_iso": start_local.isoformat(),
+                            "local_date": start_local.strftime("%d.%m.%Y"),
+                            "local_time": start_local.strftime("%H:%M"),
+                            "end_local_iso": end_day[period_key]["sample_local"].isoformat() if end_day[period_key]["sample_local"] is not None else start_local.isoformat(),
+                            "end_local_time": end_day[period_key]["sample_local"].strftime("%H:%M") if end_day[period_key]["sample_local"] is not None else start_local.strftime("%H:%M"),
+                            "end_local_date": end_day["date"],
+                            "duration_minutes": max(
+                                1,
+                                int(round((((end_day[period_key]["sample_local"] or start_local) - start_local).total_seconds()) / 60.0)),
+                            ),
+                            "duration_days": duration_days,
+                        })
+                start_index = None
+
+        return events
+
+    events = build_windows("morning", "Morgen")
+    events.extend(build_windows("evening", "Abend"))
+    events.sort(key=lambda item: item["local_iso"])
+
+    return {
+        "ok": True,
+        "action": "planet_parades_for_month",
+        "selected": {
+            "year": year,
+            "month": month,
+            "timezone": timezone_name,
+            "sample_offset_minutes": sample_offset_minutes,
+            "min_planet_alt_deg": min_planet_alt_deg,
+            "max_sun_alt_deg": max_sun_alt_deg,
+            "max_azimuth_span_deg": max_azimuth_span_deg,
+            "min_planet_count": min_planet_count,
+            "min_consecutive_days": min_consecutive_days,
+        },
+        "events": events,
+    }
+
+
+def action_planet_constellation_changes_for_month(args: list[str]) -> dict:
+    if len(args) != 3:
+        fail(
+            "Aktion planet_constellation_changes_for_month erwartet 3 Argumente: year month timezone",
+            extra={"argv": args},
+        )
+
+    try:
+        year = int(args[0])
+        month = int(args[1])
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        fail("Jahr oder Monat sind ungueltig.", extra={"details": str(exc), "argv": args})
+
+    if month < 1 or month > 12:
+        fail("Monat muss zwischen 1 und 12 liegen.", extra={"month": month})
+
+    timezone_name = args[2]
+    try:
+        tz = ZoneInfo(timezone_name)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        fail("Zeitzone ist ungueltig oder auf dem Server nicht verfuegbar.", extra={"details": str(exc)})
+
+    local_start = datetime(year, month, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+    if month == 12:
+        local_end = datetime(year + 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+        utc_next_month = datetime(year + 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    else:
+        local_end = datetime(year, month + 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+        utc_next_month = datetime(year, month + 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+    utc_start = datetime(year, month, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    utc_end = utc_next_month - timedelta(seconds=1)
+
+    constellation_names = {
+        "Aries": "Widder",
+        "Taurus": "Stier",
+        "Gemini": "Zwillinge",
+        "Cancer": "Krebs",
+        "Leo": "Loewe",
+        "Virgo": "Jungfrau",
+        "Libra": "Waage",
+        "Scorpius": "Skorpion",
+        "Sagittarius": "Schuetze",
+        "Capricornus": "Steinbock",
+        "Aquarius": "Wassermann",
+        "Pisces": "Fische",
+        "Ophiuchus": "Schlangentraeger",
+        "Cetus": "Walfisch",
+    }
+
+    planet_defs = [
+        ("Merkur", astronomy.Body.Mercury, "mercury"),
+        ("Venus", astronomy.Body.Venus, "venus"),
+        ("Mars", astronomy.Body.Mars, "mars"),
+        ("Jupiter", astronomy.Body.Jupiter, "jupiter"),
+        ("Saturn", astronomy.Body.Saturn, "saturn"),
+        ("Uranus", astronomy.Body.Uranus, "uranus"),
+        ("Neptun", astronomy.Body.Neptune, "neptune"),
+    ]
+
+    def display_constellation_name(info: astronomy.ConstellationInfo) -> str:
+        return constellation_names.get(info.name, info.name)
+
+    def refine_change_time(body: astronomy.Body, left_utc: datetime, right_utc: datetime, left_symbol: str) -> datetime:
+        left = left_utc
+        right = right_utc
+
+        for _ in range(40):
+            mid = left + (right - left) / 2
+            mid_symbol = body_constellation_info(body, mid).symbol
+            if mid_symbol == left_symbol:
+                left = mid
+            else:
+                right = mid
+
+        return right
+
+    events: list[dict] = []
+    scan_step = timedelta(hours=6)
+
+    for label, body, key in planet_defs:
+        left_utc = utc_start
+        left_info = body_constellation_info(body, left_utc)
+        current_utc = min(utc_end, left_utc + scan_step)
+
+        while current_utc <= utc_end:
+            current_info = body_constellation_info(body, current_utc)
+            if current_info.symbol != left_info.symbol:
+                change_utc = refine_change_time(body, left_utc, current_utc, left_info.symbol)
+                before_info = body_constellation_info(body, change_utc - timedelta(seconds=1))
+                after_info = body_constellation_info(body, change_utc)
+                local_dt = change_utc.astimezone(tz)
+
+                if local_start <= local_dt < local_end:
+                    from_name = display_constellation_name(before_info)
+                    to_name = display_constellation_name(after_info)
+                    events.append({
+                        "planet_key": key,
+                        "planet_label": label,
+                        "from_constellation_symbol": before_info.symbol,
+                        "from_constellation_name": from_name,
+                        "to_constellation_symbol": after_info.symbol,
+                        "to_constellation_name": to_name,
+                        "label": f"{label} wechselt von {from_name} nach {to_name}",
+                        "utc_iso": change_utc.isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z"),
+                        "local_iso": local_dt.isoformat(),
+                        "local_date": local_dt.strftime("%d.%m.%Y"),
+                        "local_time": local_dt.strftime("%H:%M"),
+                    })
+
+                left_utc = change_utc + timedelta(seconds=1)
+                left_info = body_constellation_info(body, left_utc)
+                current_utc = min(utc_end, left_utc + scan_step)
+                continue
+
+            left_utc = current_utc
+            left_info = current_info
+            current_utc = min(utc_end, current_utc + scan_step)
+            if current_utc == left_utc:
+                break
+
+    events.sort(key=lambda item: item["local_iso"])
+
+    return {
+        "ok": True,
+        "action": "planet_constellation_changes_for_month",
+        "selected": {
+            "year": year,
+            "month": month,
+            "timezone": timezone_name,
+            "utc_scan_start": utc_start.isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z"),
+            "utc_scan_end": utc_end.isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z"),
+        },
+        "events": events,
+    }
+
+
 def action_month_sky_context(args: list[str]) -> dict:
     if len(args) != 8:
         fail(
@@ -3619,7 +4007,7 @@ def action_satellite_passes(args: list[str]) -> dict:
 
 def main() -> None:
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
-        fail("Es wurde keine Aktion uebergeben.", extra={"available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "moon_star_occultations_for_month"]})
+        fail("Es wurde keine Aktion uebergeben.", extra={"available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "planet_parades_for_month", "planet_constellation_changes_for_month", "moon_star_occultations_for_month"]})
 
     action = sys.argv[1]
     args = sys.argv[2:]
@@ -3739,12 +4127,22 @@ def main() -> None:
         print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False))
         return
 
+    if action == "planet_parades_for_month":
+        result = action_planet_parades_for_month(args)
+        print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False))
+        return
+
+    if action == "planet_constellation_changes_for_month":
+        result = action_planet_constellation_changes_for_month(args)
+        print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False))
+        return
+
     if action == "moon_star_occultations_for_month":
         result = action_moon_star_occultations_for_month(args)
         print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False))
         return
 
-    fail("Unbekannte Aktion.", extra={"action": action, "available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "moon_star_occultations_for_month"]})
+    fail("Unbekannte Aktion.", extra={"action": action, "available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "planet_parades_for_month", "planet_constellation_changes_for_month", "moon_star_occultations_for_month"]})
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

todo.md

@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
 # Monatsvorschau TODO
-
-- Besonders enge Mond-Stern-Begegnungen heller Sterne ergaenzen, auch ohne Bedeckung
-- Helle Stern-/Planeten-Begegnungen aufnehmen, z. B. Venus nahe Regulus oder Mars nahe Spica
-- Auffaellige Planeten-Sichtbarkeit redaktionell ausgeben, z. B. Morgenstern/Abendstern, ganze Nacht sichtbar
-- Supermond / Minimond als populaere Monatsereignisse pruefen
 - Sichtbare ISS-Ueberfluege fuer den Standort ergaenzen
-- Sehr dunkle Naechte um Neumond / Milchstrassen-Beobachtungsfenster als Hinweis pruefen
 - Hesiodusstrahl als eigenes Mondlichtphaenomen fuer die Monatsvorschau ergaenzen