Merge branch 'main' of https://git.daheim.eskimue.de/Eskimue/skyview.astronomiemuseum.de

Verwendet dieselbe Mondgrafik (moon4calendar.png) wie Mondphasenansicht und
Mondjahr, korrekt zur Himmelsorientierung gedreht, mit Fallback auf die
alte Flachdarstellung solange die Textur noch nicht geladen ist.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

BERECHNUNGSGRUNDLAGEN.md

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ Nicht jede Berechnung ist Skyfield oder Astronomy Engine:
 | `sonnenfinsternis.php` | **Astronomy Engine**, einschließlich lokaler Berechnung für den Standardstandort. |
 | `mondfinsternis.php` | **Astronomy Engine**. Der Zeitpunkt der Finsternis ist global; eine lokale Sichtbarkeitsbewertung ist davon getrennt. |
 | `sternbedeckungen.php` | **Astronomy Engine** über die lokale Python-API. Topozentrische Koordinaten und der Standardstandort werden berücksichtigt. |
+| `mondplanetenbedeckungen.php` | **Astronomy Engine** über die lokale Python-API. Durchsucht ein ganzes Jahr nach Mond-Planeten-Bedeckungen (Merkur bis Neptun) für den Standardstandort; berücksichtigt die scheinbare Scheibengröße von Mond und Planet. |
 | `moonphase.php` | **Astronomy Engine** im Browser beziehungsweise über die lokale Python-API. |
 | `moonyear.php` | **Astronomy Engine** für Mondphasen und Mondpositionen. |
 | `satellitenhimmel.php` | **SGP4** für Satellitenbahnen; Astronomy Engine für astronomischen Kontext wie Sonne, Mond und Dämmerung. |

public/auth_helpers.php

@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@ function manageablePublicPages(): array
         'sonnenfinsternis.php' => 'Sonnenfinsternis',
         'bedeckung.php' => 'Bedeckungsphänomene',
         'sternbedeckungen.php' => 'Mond-Stern-Bedeckungen',
+        'mondplanetenbedeckungen.php' => 'Mond-Planeten-Bedeckungen',
         'monatsvorhersage.php' => 'Monatsvorhersage',
         'moonyear.php' => 'Mondphasen-Jahresübersicht',
         'wochenvorhersage.php' => 'Wochenvorhersage',

public/comets.php

@@ -203,6 +203,69 @@ $pdo = new PDO(
 );
 
 $userId = isset($_SESSION['user_id']) ? (int) $_SESSION['user_id'] : 0;
+
+if ($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] === 'POST' && $userId > 0) {
+    $action = $_POST['action'] ?? '';
+    $cometId = (int) ($_POST['comet_id'] ?? 0);
+
+    if ($action === 'add_comet' && $cometId > 0) {
+        $stmtCheck = $pdo->prepare("
+            SELECT `id`
+            FROM `comets_mpc`
+            WHERE `id` = :id
+            LIMIT 1
+        ");
+        $stmtCheck->execute([':id' => $cometId]);
+
+        if ($stmtCheck->fetch()) {
+            $stmtInsert = $pdo->prepare("
+                INSERT INTO `app_user_comets` (
+                    `user_id`,
+                    `comet_id`,
+                    `is_favorite`,
+                    `created_at`
+                ) VALUES (
+                    :user_id,
+                    :comet_id,
+                    0,
+                    NOW()
+                )
+                ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
+                    `comet_id` = VALUES(`comet_id`)
+            ");
+            $stmtInsert->execute([
+                ':user_id' => $userId,
+                ':comet_id' => $cometId,
+            ]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ($action === 'remove_comet' && $cometId > 0) {
+        $stmtCount = $pdo->prepare("
+            SELECT COUNT(*)
+            FROM `app_user_comets`
+            WHERE `user_id` = :user_id
+        ");
+        $stmtCount->execute([':user_id' => $userId]);
+        $cometCount = (int) $stmtCount->fetchColumn();
+
+        if ($cometCount > 1) {
+            $stmtDelete = $pdo->prepare("
+                DELETE FROM `app_user_comets`
+                WHERE `user_id` = :user_id
+                  AND `comet_id` = :comet_id
+            ");
+            $stmtDelete->execute([
+                ':user_id' => $userId,
+                ':comet_id' => $cometId,
+            ]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    header('Location: comets.php');
+    exit;
+}
+
 $today = new DateTimeImmutable('today', new DateTimeZone('UTC'));
 $windowStart = $today->modify('-180 days');
 $windowEnd = $today->modify('+365 days');
@@ -632,6 +695,9 @@ arsort($orbitTypeCounts);
                             <th data-sortable>Perihel</th>
                             <th data-sortable>Abstand</th>
                             <th data-sortable title="Grobe Helligkeitsschaetzung fuer heute nach H + 5 log(Delta) + 2,5 * n * log(r).">m grob</th>
+                            <?php if ($loggedIn): ?>
+                                <th></th>
+                            <?php endif; ?>
                         </tr>
                     </thead>
                     <tbody>
@@ -664,6 +730,19 @@ arsort($orbitTypeCounts);
                                 <td data-sort-value="<?= h((string) $perihelionTs) ?>"><?= h((string) $comet['perihelion_date_display']) ?></td>
                                 <td data-sort-value="<?= h((string) ($comet['days_from_today'] ?? '')) ?>"><span class="comets-days <?= $daysClass ?>"><?= h($daysLabel) ?></span></td>
                                 <td data-sort-value="<?= h((string) ($comet['estimated_magnitude'] ?? '')) ?>" title="r = <?= h((string) $comet['heliocentric_distance_display']) ?> AE, Δ = <?= h((string) $comet['geocentric_distance_display']) ?> AE"><?= h((string) $comet['estimated_magnitude_display']) ?></td>
+                                <?php if ($loggedIn): ?>
+                                    <td class="action-cell">
+                                        <?php if (count($trackedComets) > 1): ?>
+                                            <form method="post" action="comets.php" onsubmit="return confirm('Komet wirklich aus deiner Liste entfernen?');">
+                                                <input type="hidden" name="action" value="remove_comet">
+                                                <input type="hidden" name="comet_id" value="<?= (int) $comet['id'] ?>">
+                                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">Entfernen</button>
+                                            </form>
+                                        <?php else: ?>
+                                            <span class="hint">Letzter Komet</span>
+                                        <?php endif; ?>
+                                    </td>
+                                <?php endif; ?>
                             </tr>
                         <?php endforeach; ?>
                     </tbody>
@@ -689,6 +768,9 @@ arsort($orbitTypeCounts);
                             <th data-sortable>Perihel</th>
                             <th data-sortable>Abstand</th>
                             <th data-sortable title="Grobe Helligkeitsschaetzung fuer heute nach H + 5 log(Delta) + 2,5 * n * log(r).">m grob</th>
+                            <?php if ($loggedIn): ?>
+                                <th></th>
+                            <?php endif; ?>
                         </tr>
                     </thead>
                     <tbody>
@@ -722,6 +804,17 @@ arsort($orbitTypeCounts);
                                 <td data-sort-value="<?= h((string) $perihelionTs) ?>"><?= h((string) $comet['perihelion_date_display']) ?></td>
                                 <td data-sort-value="<?= h((string) ($comet['days_from_today'] ?? '')) ?>"><span class="comets-days <?= $daysClass ?>"><?= h($daysLabel) ?></span></td>
                                 <td data-sort-value="<?= h((string) ($comet['estimated_magnitude'] ?? '')) ?>" title="r = <?= h((string) $comet['heliocentric_distance_display']) ?> AE, Δ = <?= h((string) $comet['geocentric_distance_display']) ?> AE"><?= h((string) $comet['estimated_magnitude_display']) ?></td>
+                                <?php if ($loggedIn): ?>
+                                    <td class="action-cell">
+                                        <?php if ((int) $comet['is_tracked'] !== 1): ?>
+                                            <form method="post" action="comets.php">
+                                                <input type="hidden" name="action" value="add_comet">
+                                                <input type="hidden" name="comet_id" value="<?= (int) $comet['id'] ?>">
+                                                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">Hinzufügen</button>
+                                            </form>
+                                        <?php endif; ?>
+                                    </td>
+                                <?php endif; ?>
                             </tr>
                         <?php endforeach; ?>
                     </tbody>

public/css/style.css

@@ -2569,6 +2569,26 @@ body.moonphase-page.has-modal {
     gap: 1rem;
 }
 
+/* Licht-Testregler (moonphase.php): als Flex-Kind von .moon-side erbt dieser
+   Block sonst "overflow: hidden" von .moon-side > * und wuerde bei geoeffnetem
+   <details> zusammengedrueckt, sodass untere Regler verdeckt sind. Eigener,
+   in sich scrollbarer Bereich behebt das, unabhaengig vom verfuegbaren Platz. */
+#moonLightDebugPanel summary {
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+#moonLightDebugPanel[open] {
+    overflow-y: auto;
+    max-height: 320px;
+}
+
+/* .moon-controls setzt display:flex und wuerde damit das hidden-Attribut
+   (Browser-Standard: display:none) ausser Kraft setzen - Autoren-CSS gewinnt
+   sonst immer gegen UA-Stile. Explizit erzwingen, solange [hidden] gesetzt ist. */
+#moonLightDebugPanel[hidden] {
+    display: none;
+}
+
 .control-head {
     display: flex;
     align-items: center;
@@ -4656,6 +4676,12 @@ body.solarsystem-page:not(.jupitersystem-page) .solarsystem-stage-wrap {
     box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(143, 230, 141, 0.22);
 }
 
+.occult-visibility-below {
+    background: rgba(136, 148, 173, 0.16);
+    color: #9aa6c2;
+    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(154, 166, 194, 0.22);
+}
+
 .occult-detail-card {
     overflow: hidden;
 }

public/header.php

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ $menuGroups = [
             ['href' => 'sonnenfinsternis.php',    'label' => 'Sonnenfinsternis'],
             ['href' => 'bedeckung.php',           'label' => 'Bedeckungsphänomene'],
             ['href' => 'sternbedeckungen.php',    'label' => 'Mond-Stern-Bedeckungen'],
+            ['href' => 'mondplanetenbedeckungen.php', 'label' => 'Mond-Planeten-Bedeckungen'],
         ],
     ],
     [

public/monatsvorhersage.php

@@ -285,6 +285,7 @@ $planetDataJson = '[]';
 $moonDataJson = 'null';
 $monthChartCometsJson = '[]';
 $moonPhaseEventsJson = '[]';
+$monthLunarEclipsesJson = '{}';
 $monthEventListJson = '[]';
 $starDataErrorJson = 'null';
 $observationTipCalendarIcsJson = '""';
@@ -1613,20 +1614,31 @@ if (!function_exists('monthForecastBuildNarrativeText')) {
             static fn (array $event): bool => in_array((string) ($event['type'] ?? ''), ['favorite_comet_good_visibility', 'favorite_comet_perihelion', 'favorite_comet_geocentric_minimum'], true),
             4
         );
-        if ($cometEvents !== []) {
+        $describeCometEvent = static function (array $event): ?string {
+            $name = trim((string) ($event['comet_name'] ?? ''));
+            $date = trim((string) ($event['date'] ?? ''));
+            if ($name === '' || $date === '') {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            return match ((string) ($event['type'] ?? '')) {
+                'favorite_comet_perihelion' => "Der Komet {$name} erreicht am {$date} seinen sonnennächsten Bahnpunkt, das Perihel.",
+                'favorite_comet_geocentric_minimum' => "Der Komet {$name} kommt der Erde am {$date} am nächsten.",
+                'favorite_comet_good_visibility' => "Der Komet {$name} ist ab dem {$date} besonders gut zu beobachten.",
+                default => null,
+            };
+        };
+
+        $cometSentences = array_values(array_filter(array_map($describeCometEvent, $cometEvents)));
+
+        if ($cometSentences !== []) {
             $cometIntro = $seededPick([
-                'Bei den Kometen sind in diesem Monat besonders',
-                'Auch bei den Kometen lohnt sich in diesem Monat der Blick auf',
-                'Unter den Kometen fallen in diesem Monat vor allem',
-                'Kometenfreunde können sich in diesem Monat besonders für',
-            ], 'cometIntro', 'Bei den Kometen sind in diesem Monat besonders');
-            $cometOutro = $seededPick([
-                'interessant.',
-                'beobachtenswert.',
-                'bemerkenswert.',
-                'einen genaueren Blick wert.',
-            ], 'cometOutro', 'interessant.');
-            $addParagraph($cometIntro . ' ' . $describeEvents($cometEvents) . ' ' . $cometOutro);
+                'Auch bei den Kometen gibt es in diesem Monat einiges zu entdecken.',
+                'Kometenfreunde kommen in diesem Monat ebenfalls auf ihre Kosten.',
+                'Unter den Kometen gibt es in diesem Monat lohnende Ziele.',
+                'Auch der Blick auf die Kometen lohnt sich in diesem Monat.',
+            ], 'cometIntro', 'Auch bei den Kometen gibt es in diesem Monat einiges zu entdecken.');
+            $addParagraph($cometIntro . ' ' . implode(' ', $cometSentences));
         }
 
         $eclipseEvents = $findEvents(
@@ -2992,6 +3004,7 @@ foreach ($favoriteCometEvents as $favoriteCometEvent) {
         'end_local_iso' => (string) ($favoriteCometEvent['end_local_iso'] ?? ''),
         'duration_minutes' => isset($favoriteCometEvent['duration_minutes']) ? (int) $favoriteCometEvent['duration_minutes'] : null,
         'type' => $favoriteCometType,
+        'comet_name' => trim((string) ($favoriteCometEvent['comet_name'] ?? '')),
     ];
 }
 
@@ -3197,6 +3210,30 @@ $monthChartComets = array_map(
 );
 $monthChartCometsJson = json_encode($monthChartComets, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 $moonPhaseEventsJson = json_encode($moonPhaseEvents, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
+
+// Mondfinsternisse dieses Monats, nach Tag gruppiert (Peak-Ereignis reicht für
+// die Einfärbung der Mondscheibe in der Mondphasenleiste, analog zu moonyear.php)
+$monthLunarEclipsesByDay = [];
+foreach ($eclipseEvents as $eclipseEvent) {
+    if (!is_array($eclipseEvent)) {
+        continue;
+    }
+    if (($eclipseEvent['category'] ?? '') !== 'lunar_eclipse' || ($eclipseEvent['stage'] ?? '') !== 'peak') {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    $eclipseDateParts = explode('.', (string) ($eclipseEvent['local_date'] ?? ''));
+    $eclipseDay = isset($eclipseDateParts[0]) ? (int) $eclipseDateParts[0] : 0;
+    if ($eclipseDay < 1) {
+        continue;
+    }
+
+    $monthLunarEclipsesByDay[$eclipseDay] = [
+        'kind' => (string) ($eclipseEvent['kind'] ?? ''),
+        'time' => (string) ($eclipseEvent['local_time'] ?? ''),
+    ];
+}
+$monthLunarEclipsesJson = json_encode($monthLunarEclipsesByDay, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 $starDataErrorJson = json_encode($starDataError, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 $observationTipCalendarIcsJson = json_encode($observationTipCalendarIcs, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
 $observationTipCalendarFilenameJson = json_encode(sprintf('astrotools-monatsereignisse-%04d-%02d.ics', $selectedYear, $selectedMonth), JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES);
@@ -3831,6 +3868,7 @@ const MONTH_CHART_PLANETS = <?= $planetDataJson ?: '[]' ?>;
 const MONTH_CHART_MOON = <?= $moonDataJson ?: 'null' ?>;
 const MONTH_CHART_COMETS = <?= $monthChartCometsJson ?: '[]' ?>;
 const MONTH_PHASE_EVENTS = <?= $moonPhaseEventsJson ?: '[]' ?>;
+const MONTH_LUNAR_ECLIPSES = <?= $monthLunarEclipsesJson ?: '{}' ?>;
 const MONTH_EVENT_LIST = <?= $monthEventListJson ?: '[]' ?>;
 const MONTH_CHART_ERROR = <?= $starDataErrorJson ?: 'null' ?>;
 const OBSERVATION_TIP_ICAL = <?= $observationTipCalendarIcsJson ?: '""' ?>;
@@ -4355,7 +4393,7 @@ function monthChartCometRaDec(comet, date) {
     renderPhaseCanvas(cssWidth, cssHeight, dpr, true);
   }
 
-  function drawMoonDisc(x, y, radius, phaseInfo) {
+  function drawMoonDisc(x, y, radius, phaseInfo, eclipseKind) {
     const phaseRad = phaseInfo.phaseAngleDeg * Math.PI / 180;
     const cosPhase = Math.cos(phaseRad);
 
@@ -4408,6 +4446,33 @@ function monthChartCometRaDec(comet, date) {
       ctx.drawImage(phaseImage, x - radius, y - radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
     }
 
+    // Finsternis-Einfärbung als Overlay (analog zu moonyear.php)
+    if (eclipseKind === 'total') {
+      ctx.save();
+      ctx.beginPath();
+      ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+      ctx.clip();
+      ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(180, 50, 10, 0.55)';
+      ctx.fillRect(x - radius, y - radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
+      ctx.restore();
+    } else if (eclipseKind === 'partial') {
+      ctx.save();
+      ctx.beginPath();
+      ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+      ctx.clip();
+      ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(160, 60, 10, 0.35)';
+      ctx.fillRect(x - radius, y - radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
+      ctx.restore();
+    } else if (eclipseKind === 'penumbral') {
+      ctx.save();
+      ctx.beginPath();
+      ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI * 2);
+      ctx.clip();
+      ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(80, 80, 100, 0.25)';
+      ctx.fillRect(x - radius, y - radius, radius * 2, radius * 2);
+      ctx.restore();
+    }
+
     ctx.restore();
     ctx.restore();
 
@@ -4466,7 +4531,8 @@ function monthChartCometRaDec(comet, date) {
       const radius = Math.max(23 * layoutScale, Math.min(33 * layoutScale, spacing * 0.52));
       const x = leftPad + spacing * (dayInRow - 0.5);
       const centerY = rowCenters[row];
-      drawMoonDisc(x, centerY, radius, phaseInfoForDay(year, month, day));
+      const eclipseInfo = MONTH_LUNAR_ECLIPSES ? MONTH_LUNAR_ECLIPSES[day] : null;
+      drawMoonDisc(x, centerY, radius, phaseInfoForDay(year, month, day), eclipseInfo ? eclipseInfo.kind : null);
       ctx.fillText(String(day), x, centerY + radius + (12 * layoutScale));
     }
 

public/moonphase.php

@@ -225,7 +225,51 @@ try {
 
         </div>
 
+        <details class="moon-controls" id="moonLightDebugPanel" hidden>
+          <summary class="control-label">Licht (Testregler)</summary>
 
+          <div class="control-card">
+            <div class="control-head">
+              <label class="control-label" for="lightSunIntensity">Sonnenlicht</label>
+              <span class="control-value" id="lightSunIntensityValue">-</span>
+            </div>
+            <input type="range" id="lightSunIntensity" min="0" max="10" step="0.1">
+          </div>
+
+          <div class="control-card">
+            <div class="control-head">
+              <label class="control-label" for="lightExposure">Belichtung</label>
+              <span class="control-value" id="lightExposureValue">-</span>
+            </div>
+            <input type="range" id="lightExposure" min="0.1" max="3" step="0.05">
+          </div>
+
+          <div class="control-card">
+            <div class="control-head">
+              <label class="control-label" for="lightAmbient">Umgebungslicht</label>
+              <span class="control-value" id="lightAmbientValue">-</span>
+            </div>
+            <input type="range" id="lightAmbient" min="0" max="1" step="0.01">
+          </div>
+
+          <div class="control-card">
+            <div class="control-head">
+              <label class="control-label" for="lightRim">Randlicht</label>
+              <span class="control-value" id="lightRimValue">-</span>
+            </div>
+            <input type="range" id="lightRim" min="0" max="0.2" step="0.005">
+          </div>
+
+          <div class="control-card">
+            <div class="control-head">
+              <label class="control-label" for="lightShadowNormalBias">Schatten-Bias</label>
+              <span class="control-value" id="lightShadowNormalBiasValue">-</span>
+            </div>
+            <input type="range" id="lightShadowNormalBias" min="0" max="0.3" step="0.005">
+          </div>
+
+          <button type="button" class="date-shift-btn moon-action-btn" id="lightSaveValuesBtn">Werte speichern</button>
+        </details>
       </div>
 
       <div class="moon-visual">
@@ -339,6 +383,17 @@ const moonExportTransparentCheckbox = document.getElementById('moonExportTranspa
 const moonExportStatus = document.getElementById('moonExportStatus');
 const moonExportCancelBtn = document.getElementById('moonExportCancelBtn');
 const moonExportConfirmBtn = document.getElementById('moonExportConfirmBtn');
+const lightSunIntensity = document.getElementById('lightSunIntensity');
+const lightSunIntensityValue = document.getElementById('lightSunIntensityValue');
+const lightExposure = document.getElementById('lightExposure');
+const lightExposureValue = document.getElementById('lightExposureValue');
+const lightAmbient = document.getElementById('lightAmbient');
+const lightAmbientValue = document.getElementById('lightAmbientValue');
+const lightRim = document.getElementById('lightRim');
+const lightRimValue = document.getElementById('lightRimValue');
+const lightShadowNormalBias = document.getElementById('lightShadowNormalBias');
+const lightShadowNormalBiasValue = document.getElementById('lightShadowNormalBiasValue');
+const lightSaveValuesBtn = document.getElementById('lightSaveValuesBtn');
 let moonSceneState = null;
 let moonZoom = 1;
 let moonPanX = 0;
@@ -379,6 +434,55 @@ const MOON_DISPLACEMENT_SCALE = 0.0095;
 const MOON_DISPLACEMENT_BIAS =  -0.1;
 const MOON_BUMP_SCALE = 2.0;
 const MOON_CAMERA_BASE_Z = 6.8;
+
+// ---- Beleuchtung des 3D-Mondmodells ------------------------------------
+// Alle Licht-Werte gesammelt an einer Stelle, damit man beim Justieren nicht
+// im Code suchen muss. Reines JavaScript - nach einer Aenderung reicht ein
+// Neuladen der Seite, kein Server-Neustart.
+
+// Haupt-"Sonnenlicht" (gerichtetes Licht). Bestimmt, wie hell die beleuchtete
+// Seite grundsaetzlich ist, gleichmaessig ueber alle Mondphasen hinweg.
+// Hoeher = insgesamt heller (auch bei Vollmond, das dann eher ueberstrahlt).
+let MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY = 4.7;
+
+// Wirkt wie eine Kamera-Belichtung, NACH der eigentlichen Lichtberechnung
+// (Three.js ACESFilmicToneMapping). Im Gegensatz zu MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY
+// komprimiert sie helle Bereiche automatisch mit (ueberstrahlt also nicht
+// gleich), waehrend sie dunkle/Streiflicht-Bereiche (duenne Sichel) sichtbarer
+// macht. Faustregel: Wirkt eine duenne Sichel zu dunkel, aber Vollmond okay ->
+// diesen Wert erhoehen statt MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY. Gilt fuer Live-Ansicht
+// UND PNG-Export gleichermassen (beide nutzen dieselbe Konstante).
+let MOON_TONE_MAPPING_EXPOSURE = 1.15;
+
+// Gleichmaessige Grundaufhellung der GESAMTEN Kugel, auch der unbeleuchteten
+// Nachtseite, unabhaengig vom Lichtwinkel. Niedrig halten - sonst wirkt die
+// Nachtseite grau statt schwarz und der Tag/Nacht-Kontrast (Kraterschatten)
+// geht verloren.
+const MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_COLOR = 0xffffff;
+let MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_INTENSITY = 0.01;
+
+// Schwaches zusaetzliches Licht von der Seite fuer einen dezenten Rand-/
+// Tiefeneffekt auf der Nachtseite (kein echtes Erdlicht, rein optisch).
+// Leicht blaeulich fuer einen kuehlen "Weltraum"-Farbton.
+const MOON_RIM_LIGHT_COLOR = 0x89a8ff;
+let MOON_RIM_LIGHT_INTENSITY = 0.095;
+
+// Verhindert falsche Selbstverschattung ("Shadow Acne") der Krater-Shadow-Map
+// bei sehr flachem Lichteinfall (duenne Sichel = fast ueberall Streiflicht).
+// Die Tag/Nacht-Grenze selbst kommt schon aus der normalen Beleuchtungs-
+// rechnung; die Shadow-Map ist nur fuer feine Krater-Schlagschatten noetig.
+const MOON_SHADOW_BIAS = 0;
+let MOON_SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS = 0.005;
+
+// Kantenschaerfe der Krater-Schlagschatten (nicht die Tag/Nacht-Grenze selbst -
+// die kommt aus der normalen Beleuchtung und hat immer einen weichen, runden
+// Verlauf, weil eine Kugel nie hart in Licht/Schatten uebergeht). Optionen von
+// weich zu hart: THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap (weichste Kanten) < THREE.PCFShadowMap
+// (Mittelweg) < THREE.BasicShadowMap (haerteste, scharfe Kanten, keine
+// Weichzeichnung - kann bei feinen Kraterdetails leicht kantig/treppig wirken).
+const MOON_SHADOW_MAP_TYPE = THREE.BasicShadowMap;
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 const MOON_ZOOM_MIN = 0.2;
 const MOON_ZOOM_MAX = 4.1;
 const MOON_PAN_LIMIT = 1.8;
@@ -492,18 +596,47 @@ function applyMoonZoom() {
     return;
   }
 
-  const r = MOON_CAMERA_BASE_Z / getMoonZoomFactor();
-
   if (freeCameraMode) {
+    const r = MOON_CAMERA_BASE_Z / getMoonZoomFactor();
     moonSceneState.camera.position.set(
       r * Math.sin(cameraOrbitPhi) * Math.sin(cameraOrbitTheta),
       r * Math.cos(cameraOrbitPhi),
       r * Math.sin(cameraOrbitPhi) * Math.cos(cameraOrbitTheta)
     );
     moonSceneState.camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
+    moonSceneState.camera.zoom = 1;
+    moonSceneState.camera.clearViewOffset();
   } else {
-    moonSceneState.camera.position.set(moonPanX, moonPanY, r);
-    moonSceneState.camera.lookAt(moonPanX, moonPanY, 0);
+    // Kamera bleibt IMMER exakt auf den Mond ausgerichtet UND auf fester
+    // Distanz ("Blickwinkel wie von der Erde aus" darf sich weder beim
+    // Verschieben noch beim Zoomen aendern - genau wie ein Teleskop, das den
+    // Mond vergroessert, ohne dass sich die Erde-Mond-Distanz aendert). Zoom
+    // wird deshalb NICHT durch Annaehern der Kamera simuliert (das wuerde
+    // durch die perspektivische Projektion echte Parallaxe/Verzerrung
+    // erzeugen, die bei einer realen Fernbeobachtung so nicht auftritt),
+    // sondern rein optisch ueber camera.zoom (Brennweiten-Vergroesserung
+    // ohne Positionsaenderung). Das Verschieben passiert ebenfalls ohne
+    // Positionsaenderung, rein als Bildausschnitt-Versatz (Shift-Objektiv-
+    // Prinzip via camera.setViewOffset).
+    moonSceneState.camera.position.set(0, 0, MOON_CAMERA_BASE_Z);
+    moonSceneState.camera.lookAt(0, 0, 0);
+    moonSceneState.camera.zoom = getMoonZoomFactor();
+
+    const fullWidth = Math.max(1, moonCanvas.clientWidth || 900);
+    const fullHeight = Math.max(1, moonCanvas.clientHeight || 900);
+    // Der Bildwinkel-Versatz muss mit dem Zoom mitwachsen: die scheinbare
+    // Mondgroesse auf dem Bildschirm skaliert mit dem Zoomfaktor, sonst reicht
+    // der Pan-Bereich bei starkem Zoom nicht mehr aus, um den Mond bis an den
+    // Rand zu ziehen.
+    const panPixelScale = Math.min(fullWidth, fullHeight) * 0.18 * getMoonZoomFactor();
+    const offsetX = moonPanX * panPixelScale;
+    const offsetY = -moonPanY * panPixelScale;
+
+    if (offsetX === 0 && offsetY === 0) {
+      moonSceneState.camera.clearViewOffset();
+    } else {
+      moonSceneState.camera.setViewOffset(fullWidth, fullHeight, offsetX, offsetY, fullWidth, fullHeight);
+    }
   }
 
   moonSceneState.camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
@@ -838,24 +971,29 @@ async function buildMoonSceneFromUrls(url1, url2) {
     powerPreference: 'high-performance'
   });
   renderer.outputColorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
+  // Tone-Mapping statt reinem Clamping: komprimiert helle Bereiche (Vollmond),
+  // ohne dunkle/Streiflicht-Bereiche (duenne Sichel) zu verlieren - eine feste
+  // Lichtstaerke allein kann sonst nicht beides gleichzeitig darstellen.
+  renderer.toneMapping = THREE.ACESFilmicToneMapping;
+  renderer.toneMappingExposure = MOON_TONE_MAPPING_EXPOSURE;
   renderer.setClearColor(0x010102, 1);
   renderer.setPixelRatio(Math.min(window.devicePixelRatio || 1, 3));
   renderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
-  renderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFShadowMap;
+  renderer.shadowMap.type = MOON_SHADOW_MAP_TYPE;
 
   const scene = new THREE.Scene();
   const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(28, 1, 0.1, 100);
   camera.position.set(0, 0, MOON_CAMERA_BASE_Z);
 
-  const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x1b2230, 0.004);
+  const ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_COLOR, MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_INTENSITY);
   scene.add(ambientLight);
 
-  const sunLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, 2.9);
+  const sunLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0xffffff, MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY);
   sunLight.castShadow = true;
   sunLight.shadow.mapSize.width = 4096;
   sunLight.shadow.mapSize.height = 4096;
-  sunLight.shadow.bias = -0.00015;
-  sunLight.shadow.normalBias = 0.02;
+  sunLight.shadow.bias = MOON_SHADOW_BIAS;
+  sunLight.shadow.normalBias = MOON_SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS;
   sunLight.shadow.camera.near = 1;
   sunLight.shadow.camera.far = 20;
   sunLight.shadow.camera.left = -3;
@@ -864,7 +1002,7 @@ async function buildMoonSceneFromUrls(url1, url2) {
   sunLight.shadow.camera.bottom = -3;
   scene.add(sunLight);
 
-  const rimLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(0x89a8ff, 0.015);
+  const rimLight = new THREE.DirectionalLight(MOON_RIM_LIGHT_COLOR, MOON_RIM_LIGHT_INTENSITY);
   rimLight.position.set(-2.5, 1.2, 3.2);
   scene.add(rimLight);
 
@@ -1003,44 +1141,34 @@ async function renderMoon3D(phaseData, libration) {
 
 function applyMoon3DRenderState(state, phaseData, libration) {
   state.moonMesh.rotation.order = 'ZYX';
-  state.moonMesh.rotation.y = MOON_TEXTURE_BASE_ROTATION_Y + toRadians(libration.longitude);
+  // Dieselbe Laengen-Konvention wie bei Kratern/Sonne (moonLocalDirectionFromLonLat)
+  // verwenden, statt libration.longitude direkt zu nehmen - sonst rotiert die
+  // Textur/Kugel selbst in einem anderen Bezugssystem als Krater und Sonne,
+  // obwohl alle von derselben (gegen NASA validierten) Sub-Erd-Laenge ausgehen.
+  state.moonMesh.rotation.y = MOON_TEXTURE_BASE_ROTATION_Y + toRadians(-normalizeSignedLongitude(libration.longitude));
   state.moonMesh.rotation.x = toRadians(libration.latitude);
   state.moonMesh.rotation.z = toRadians(libration.positionAngle);
 
-  const viewAlignedSunZ = phaseData.illumination * 2 - 1;
-  const northOnScreen = new THREE.Vector3(0, 1, 0).applyEuler(state.moonMesh.rotation).normalize();
-  const planeNorth = new THREE.Vector2(northOnScreen.x, northOnScreen.y);
-  const planeNorthLength = planeNorth.length();
-  const horizontalMagnitude = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, 1 - viewAlignedSunZ * viewAlignedSunZ));
-  const subsolarNorthDot = Math.sin(toRadians(libration.subsolarLatitude));
+  // Sonnenrichtung direkt aus der Geometrie: derselbe lokale Vektor wie bei
+  // Kratern (selenographische Laenge/Breite -> mondfester Einheitsvektor),
+  // gedreht mit derselben Mesh-Rotation. Exakt statt aus der Beleuchtungs-
+  // Prozentzahl zurueckgerechnet, und dadurch garantiert konsistent mit
+  // Kraterlage und Textur. Haengt nur von state.moonMesh.rotation ab (Datum/
+  // Uhrzeit), nicht von Kamera-Pan - "wie von der Erde aus zu sehen" bleibt
+  // beim Verschieben also unveraendert; nur der freie Kamera-Modus rotiert
+  // die Kamera selbst und veraendert damit den Blickwinkel auf Mond+Licht.
+  const sunDirectionWorld = moonLocalDirectionFromLonLat(
+    libration.subsolarLongitude,
+    libration.subsolarLatitude,
+    craterLongitudeOffsetDeg,
+    craterLatitudeOffsetDeg
+  ).applyEuler(state.moonMesh.rotation);
 
-  let xComponent;
-  let yComponent;
-
-  if (planeNorthLength < 1e-6 || horizontalMagnitude < 1e-6) {
-    xComponent = phaseData.waxing ? horizontalMagnitude : -horizontalMagnitude;
-    yComponent = 0;
-  } else {
-    const northUnit = planeNorth.normalize();
-    const eastUnit = new THREE.Vector2(-northUnit.y, northUnit.x);
-    const targetAlongNorth = THREE.MathUtils.clamp(
-      (subsolarNorthDot - northOnScreen.z * viewAlignedSunZ) / planeNorthLength,
-      -horizontalMagnitude,
-      horizontalMagnitude
-    );
-    const sideMagnitude = Math.sqrt(Math.max(0, horizontalMagnitude * horizontalMagnitude - targetAlongNorth * targetAlongNorth));
-    const sideSign = phaseData.waxing ? -1 : 1;
-    const screenVector =
-      northUnit.multiplyScalar(targetAlongNorth)
-        .add(eastUnit.multiplyScalar(sideSign * sideMagnitude));
-
-    xComponent = screenVector.x;
-    yComponent = screenVector.y;
-  }
-
-  state.sunLight.position.set(xComponent * 8, yComponent * 8, viewAlignedSunZ * 8);
-  state.ambientLight.intensity = 0.004;
-  state.rimLight.intensity = 0.006;
+  state.sunLight.position.copy(sunDirectionWorld.multiplyScalar(8));
+  // ambientLight/rimLight sind konstant (siehe MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_INTENSITY /
+  // MOON_RIM_LIGHT_INTENSITY oben) und werden schon bei der Szenen-Erstellung
+  // gesetzt - hier bewusst kein erneutes Ueberschreiben mehr, damit beide
+  // Stellen nicht auseinanderlaufen koennen.
 }
 
 function drawMoonTexture(ctx, cx, cy, radius) {
@@ -1191,10 +1319,12 @@ async function renderMoon3DToBlob(phaseData, libration, size, transparentBackgro
     powerPreference: 'high-performance'
   });
   exportRenderer.outputColorSpace = THREE.SRGBColorSpace;
+  exportRenderer.toneMapping = THREE.ACESFilmicToneMapping;
+  exportRenderer.toneMappingExposure = MOON_TONE_MAPPING_EXPOSURE;
   exportRenderer.setClearColor(0x010102, transparentBackground ? 0 : 1);
   exportRenderer.setPixelRatio(1);
   exportRenderer.shadowMap.enabled = true;
-  exportRenderer.shadowMap.type = THREE.PCFSoftShadowMap;
+  exportRenderer.shadowMap.type = MOON_SHADOW_MAP_TYPE;
   exportRenderer.setSize(size, size, false);
 
   const previousAspect = state.camera.aspect;
@@ -1318,19 +1448,32 @@ function normalizeSignedLongitude(degrees) {
   return value;
 }
 
-function craterToMoonLocalVector(crater) {
-  const latRad = toRadians(Number(crater.lat || 0) + craterLatitudeOffsetDeg);
-  const lonRad = toRadians(-normalizeSignedLongitude(Number(crater.lon || 0) + craterLongitudeOffsetDeg));
+// Einheitsvektor im mondfesten (lokalen, noch unrotierten) Koordinatensystem
+// aus selenographischer Laenge/Breite (Ost-positiv, wie von api.py geliefert).
+// Gemeinsame Grundlage fuer Krater UND Sonnenrichtung, damit beide nach
+// Anwendung derselben state.moonMesh-Rotation garantiert zueinander passen.
+function moonLocalDirectionFromLonLat(lonDeg, latDeg, lonOffsetDeg = 0, latOffsetDeg = 0) {
+  const latRad = toRadians(Number(latDeg || 0) + latOffsetDeg);
+  const lonRad = toRadians(-normalizeSignedLongitude(Number(lonDeg || 0) + lonOffsetDeg));
   const cosLat = Math.cos(latRad);
-  const craterRadius = MOON_SPHERE_RADIUS * craterOverlayScale;
 
   return new THREE.Vector3(
-    craterRadius * cosLat * Math.cos(lonRad),
-    craterRadius * Math.sin(latRad),
-    craterRadius * cosLat * Math.sin(lonRad)
+    cosLat * Math.cos(lonRad),
+    Math.sin(latRad),
+    cosLat * Math.sin(lonRad)
   );
 }
 
+function craterToMoonLocalVector(crater) {
+  const craterRadius = MOON_SPHERE_RADIUS * craterOverlayScale;
+  return moonLocalDirectionFromLonLat(
+    Number(crater.lon || 0),
+    Number(crater.lat || 0),
+    craterLongitudeOffsetDeg,
+    craterLatitudeOffsetDeg
+  ).multiplyScalar(craterRadius);
+}
+
 function getCraterVisualStyle(crater, mode = 'all') {
   if (mode === 'terminator') {
     return {
@@ -1695,6 +1838,96 @@ timeSlider.addEventListener('wheel', event => {
     updateMoon();
   }
 }, { passive: false });
+
+// Testregler fuer die Licht-Konstanten (siehe MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY etc.
+// oben): Schieberegler + Mausrad, wirkt sofort ohne Neuladen der Seite.
+const lightSliderConfigs = [
+  {
+    input: lightSunIntensity, label: lightSunIntensityValue, initial: MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY,
+    apply: value => {
+      MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY = value;
+      if (moonSceneState) moonSceneState.sunLight.intensity = value;
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    input: lightExposure, label: lightExposureValue, initial: MOON_TONE_MAPPING_EXPOSURE,
+    apply: value => {
+      MOON_TONE_MAPPING_EXPOSURE = value;
+      if (moonSceneState) moonSceneState.renderer.toneMappingExposure = value;
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    input: lightAmbient, label: lightAmbientValue, initial: MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_INTENSITY,
+    apply: value => {
+      MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_INTENSITY = value;
+      if (moonSceneState) moonSceneState.ambientLight.intensity = value;
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    input: lightRim, label: lightRimValue, initial: MOON_RIM_LIGHT_INTENSITY,
+    apply: value => {
+      MOON_RIM_LIGHT_INTENSITY = value;
+      if (moonSceneState) moonSceneState.rimLight.intensity = value;
+    }
+  },
+  {
+    input: lightShadowNormalBias, label: lightShadowNormalBiasValue, initial: MOON_SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS,
+    apply: value => {
+      MOON_SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS = value;
+      if (moonSceneState) moonSceneState.sunLight.shadow.normalBias = value;
+    }
+  }
+];
+
+function setupLightSlider({ input, label, initial, apply }) {
+  input.value = String(initial);
+  label.textContent = initial.toFixed(3);
+
+  const commit = () => {
+    const value = Number(input.value);
+    apply(value);
+    label.textContent = value.toFixed(3);
+    if (moonSceneState) {
+      moonSceneState.renderer.render(moonSceneState.scene, moonSceneState.camera);
+    }
+  };
+
+  input.addEventListener('input', commit);
+  input.addEventListener('wheel', event => {
+    event.preventDefault();
+    const step = Number(input.step) || 0.01;
+    const min = Number(input.min) || 0;
+    const max = Number(input.max) || 1;
+    const direction = event.deltaY > 0 ? 1 : -1;
+    const nextValue = Math.min(max, Math.max(min, Number(input.value) + direction * step));
+    input.value = String(nextValue);
+    commit();
+  }, { passive: false });
+}
+
+lightSliderConfigs.forEach(setupLightSlider);
+
+// Aktuelle Reglerwerte als Textdatei speichern - fertig zum Einsetzen als
+// neue Standardwerte oben bei den MOON_*-Konstanten.
+lightSaveValuesBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
+  const lines = [
+    `MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY = ${MOON_SUN_LIGHT_INTENSITY}`,
+    `MOON_TONE_MAPPING_EXPOSURE = ${MOON_TONE_MAPPING_EXPOSURE}`,
+    `MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_INTENSITY = ${MOON_AMBIENT_LIGHT_INTENSITY}`,
+    `MOON_RIM_LIGHT_INTENSITY = ${MOON_RIM_LIGHT_INTENSITY}`,
+    `MOON_SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS = ${MOON_SHADOW_NORMAL_BIAS}`
+  ];
+  const blob = new Blob([lines.join('\n') + '\n'], { type: 'text/plain' });
+  const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
+  const link = document.createElement('a');
+  link.href = url;
+  link.download = 'mondlicht-werte.txt';
+  document.body.appendChild(link);
+  link.click();
+  link.remove();
+  URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
+});
+
 prevDayBtn.addEventListener('click', () => shiftDateByDays(-1));
 nextDayBtn.addEventListener('click', () => shiftDateByDays(1));
 nowBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {

public/py/api.py

@@ -5435,6 +5435,14 @@ def vector_dot(a: tuple[float, float, float], b: tuple[float, float, float]) ->
     return a[0] * b[0] + a[1] * b[1] + a[2] * b[2]
 
 
+def vector_cross(a: tuple[float, float, float], b: tuple[float, float, float]) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
+    return (
+        a[1] * b[2] - a[2] * b[1],
+        a[2] * b[0] - a[0] * b[2],
+        a[0] * b[1] - a[1] * b[0],
+    )
+
+
 def vector_normalize(v: tuple[float, float, float]) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
     length = math.sqrt(vector_dot(v, v))
     if length <= 0:
@@ -5442,6 +5450,21 @@ def vector_normalize(v: tuple[float, float, float]) -> tuple[float, float, float
     return v[0] / length, v[1] / length, v[2] / length
 
 
+def rotate_vector_around_axis(
+    v: tuple[float, float, float], axis: tuple[float, float, float], angle_rad: float
+) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
+    """Rodrigues-Rotationsformel: dreht v um die (Einheits-)Achse axis."""
+    cos_a = math.cos(angle_rad)
+    sin_a = math.sin(angle_rad)
+    axis_cross_v = vector_cross(axis, v)
+    axis_dot_v = vector_dot(axis, v)
+    return (
+        v[0] * cos_a + axis_cross_v[0] * sin_a + axis[0] * axis_dot_v * (1.0 - cos_a),
+        v[1] * cos_a + axis_cross_v[1] * sin_a + axis[1] * axis_dot_v * (1.0 - cos_a),
+        v[2] * cos_a + axis_cross_v[2] * sin_a + axis[2] * axis_dot_v * (1.0 - cos_a),
+    )
+
+
 def calculate_moon_position_angle(time_value: astronomy.Time) -> float:
     moon_vector = astronomy.GeoVector(astronomy.Body.Moon, time_value, True)
     moon_equator = astronomy.EquatorFromVector(moon_vector)
@@ -5461,21 +5484,64 @@ def calculate_moon_position_angle(time_value: astronomy.Time) -> float:
     )
 
 
-def calculate_moon_axis_latitudes(time_value: astronomy.Time) -> dict:
+def moon_body_frame(time_value: astronomy.Time) -> tuple[
+    tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float], tuple[float, float, float]
+]:
+    """Baut eine orthonormale Basis (body_x = Nullmeridian-Richtung, body_y,
+    north = Rotationsachse) des mondfesten Koordinatensystems in EQJ, nach dem
+    offiziellen IAU-Rotationsachsen-Standard (RotationAxis: Pol-RA/Dec und
+    Rotationswinkel W, siehe IAU WGCCRE 2015)."""
     axis = astronomy.RotationAxis(astronomy.Body.Moon, time_value)
+    north = vector_normalize(vector_from_astronomy(axis.north))
+
+    ra_rad = math.radians(axis.ra * 15.0)
+    # Aufsteigender Knoten der Mondaequatorebene auf der EQJ-Ebene (RA+90 Grad, Dec=0).
+    ascending_node = (-math.sin(ra_rad), math.cos(ra_rad), 0.0)
+
+    body_x = vector_normalize(rotate_vector_around_axis(ascending_node, north, math.radians(axis.spin)))
+    body_y = vector_normalize(vector_cross(north, body_x))
+    return body_x, body_y, north
+
+
+def selenographic_lonlat(
+    vector: tuple[float, float, float],
+    body_x: tuple[float, float, float],
+    body_y: tuple[float, float, float],
+    north: tuple[float, float, float],
+) -> tuple[float, float]:
+    """Selenographische Laenge/Breite eines geozentrischen Richtungsvektors,
+    Ost-positiv (kalibriert gegen die IAU-Kraterdatenbank, z. B. Mare Crisium
+    bei +59,1 Grad Ost) und gegen astronomy.Libration() validiert.
+    HINWEIS: Vorzeichen wird gerade per Browsertest verifiziert (Ost/West-Problem)."""
+    v = vector_normalize(vector)
+    longitude = math.degrees(math.atan2(vector_dot(v, body_y), vector_dot(v, body_x)))
+    latitude = math.degrees(math.asin(max(-1.0, min(1.0, vector_dot(v, north)))))
+    return longitude, latitude
+
+
+def calculate_moon_orientation(time_value: astronomy.Time) -> dict:
+    """Sub-Erd- und Sub-Sonnen-Punkt (selenographische Laenge/Breite) aus der
+    offiziellen IAU-Rotationsachse des Mondes - eine einzige, in sich
+    konsistente Grundlage fuer Mondausrichtung (Libration) UND Sonnenrichtung,
+    anstelle der frueheren, nur die Breite abdeckenden Berechnung."""
+    body_x, body_y, north = moon_body_frame(time_value)
+
     moon_vector = astronomy.GeoVector(astronomy.Body.Moon, time_value, True)
     sun_vector = astronomy.GeoVector(astronomy.Body.Sun, time_value, True)
-
-    north = vector_normalize(vector_from_astronomy(axis.north))
     moon_xyz = vector_from_astronomy(moon_vector)
     sun_xyz = vector_from_astronomy(sun_vector)
 
-    earth_from_moon = vector_normalize((-moon_xyz[0], -moon_xyz[1], -moon_xyz[2]))
-    sun_from_moon = vector_normalize(vector_subtract(sun_xyz, moon_xyz))
+    earth_from_moon = (-moon_xyz[0], -moon_xyz[1], -moon_xyz[2])
+    sun_from_moon = vector_subtract(sun_xyz, moon_xyz)
+
+    subearth_longitude, subearth_latitude = selenographic_lonlat(earth_from_moon, body_x, body_y, north)
+    subsolar_longitude, subsolar_latitude = selenographic_lonlat(sun_from_moon, body_x, body_y, north)
 
     return {
-        "subearth_latitude": math.degrees(math.asin(max(-1.0, min(1.0, vector_dot(earth_from_moon, north))))),
-        "subsolar_latitude": math.degrees(math.asin(max(-1.0, min(1.0, vector_dot(sun_from_moon, north))))),
+        "subearth_longitude": subearth_longitude,
+        "subearth_latitude": subearth_latitude,
+        "subsolar_longitude": subsolar_longitude,
+        "subsolar_latitude": subsolar_latitude,
     }
 
 
@@ -5510,8 +5576,12 @@ def action_moon_phase_details(args: list[str]) -> dict:
         else phase * SYNODIC_MONTH
     )
 
+    # Mondausrichtung (Libration) und Sonnenrichtung aus einer einzigen,
+    # konsistenten Grundlage: der offiziellen IAU-Rotationsachse des Mondes.
+    # distKm bleibt bewusst von astronomy.Libration() (bereits gegen PyEphem
+    # validiert), da hierfuer kein Wechsel noetig ist.
     libration = astronomy.Libration(time_value)
-    axis_latitudes = calculate_moon_axis_latitudes(time_value)
+    orientation = calculate_moon_orientation(time_value)
     position_angle = calculate_moon_position_angle(time_value)
     local_dt = dt_utc.astimezone(tz)
 
@@ -5531,10 +5601,11 @@ def action_moon_phase_details(args: list[str]) -> dict:
             "label": get_phase_label(age_days),
         },
         "libration": {
-            "longitude": -normalize_signed_degrees(float(libration.elon)),
-            "latitude": float(libration.elat),
-            "subsolarLatitude": float(axis_latitudes["subsolar_latitude"]),
-            "subearthLatitude": float(axis_latitudes["subearth_latitude"]),
+            "longitude": float(orientation["subearth_longitude"]),
+            "latitude": float(orientation["subearth_latitude"]),
+            "subsolarLongitude": float(orientation["subsolar_longitude"]),
+            "subsolarLatitude": float(orientation["subsolar_latitude"]),
+            "subearthLatitude": float(orientation["subearth_latitude"]),
             "positionAngle": float(position_angle),
             "distKm": float(libration.dist_km),
         },
@@ -5773,6 +5844,154 @@ def action_moon_star_occultations(args: list[str]) -> dict:
     }
 
 
+PLANET_OCCULTATION_DEFS = [
+    ("Merkur", astronomy.Body.Mercury, "mercury"),
+    ("Venus", astronomy.Body.Venus, "venus"),
+    ("Mars", astronomy.Body.Mars, "mars"),
+    ("Jupiter", astronomy.Body.Jupiter, "jupiter"),
+    ("Saturn", astronomy.Body.Saturn, "saturn"),
+    ("Uranus", astronomy.Body.Uranus, "uranus"),
+    ("Neptun", astronomy.Body.Neptune, "neptune"),
+]
+
+
+def compute_moon_planet_occultations_for_range(
+    observer: astronomy.Observer,
+    utc_start: datetime,
+    utc_end: datetime,
+    tz: ZoneInfo,
+) -> list[dict]:
+    scan_step = timedelta(hours=1)
+    coarse_threshold_deg = 3.0
+    results: list[dict] = []
+
+    for label, body, key in PLANET_OCCULTATION_DEFS:
+        samples: list[tuple[datetime, float]] = []
+        current = utc_start
+        while current <= utc_end:
+            samples.append((current, moon_planet_separation_deg(body, observer, current)))
+            current += scan_step
+        if samples[-1][0] < utc_end:
+            samples.append((utc_end, moon_planet_separation_deg(body, observer, utc_end)))
+
+        seen_ranges: list[tuple[datetime, datetime]] = []
+        for index in range(1, len(samples) - 1):
+            prev_t, prev_sep = samples[index - 1]
+            curr_t, curr_sep = samples[index]
+            next_t, next_sep = samples[index + 1]
+
+            if curr_sep > coarse_threshold_deg:
+                continue
+            if curr_sep > prev_sep or curr_sep > next_sep:
+                continue
+
+            left = max(utc_start, curr_t - scan_step)
+            right = min(utc_end, curr_t + scan_step)
+
+            if any(not (right <= seen_left or left >= seen_right) for seen_left, seen_right in seen_ranges):
+                continue
+
+            min_time_utc, min_sep = refine_minimum_separation(body, observer, left, right)
+            seen_ranges.append((left, right))
+
+            overlap_fraction = moon_planet_overlap_fraction(body, observer, min_time_utc)
+            if overlap_fraction <= 0.0:
+                continue
+
+            time_value = dt_to_time(min_time_utc)
+            moon_eq = astronomy.Equator(astronomy.Body.Moon, time_value, observer, True, True)
+            planet_eq = astronomy.Equator(body, time_value, observer, True, True)
+            sun_eq = astronomy.Equator(astronomy.Body.Sun, time_value, observer, True, True)
+            moon_hor = astronomy.Horizon(time_value, observer, moon_eq.ra, moon_eq.dec, astronomy.Refraction.Normal)
+            planet_hor = astronomy.Horizon(time_value, observer, planet_eq.ra, planet_eq.dec, astronomy.Refraction.Normal)
+            sun_hor = astronomy.Horizon(time_value, observer, sun_eq.ra, sun_eq.dec, astronomy.Refraction.Normal)
+
+            below_horizon = float(moon_hor.altitude) <= 0.0 or float(planet_hor.altitude) <= 0.0
+
+            ingress_time = refine_occultation_contact(body, observer, min_time_utc, -1)
+            egress_time = refine_occultation_contact(body, observer, min_time_utc, 1)
+
+            duration_seconds = None
+            if ingress_time is not None and egress_time is not None:
+                duration_seconds = int(round((egress_time - ingress_time).total_seconds()))
+
+            moon_radius_deg = moon_angular_radius_deg(float(moon_eq.dist))
+            planet_radius_deg = planet_angular_radius_deg(body, float(planet_eq.dist))
+
+            results.append({
+                "planet_key": key,
+                "planet_label": label,
+                "ingress": serialize_occultation_time(ingress_time, tz),
+                "maximum": serialize_occultation_time(min_time_utc, tz),
+                "egress": serialize_occultation_time(egress_time, tz),
+                "partial_start": ingress_time is None,
+                "partial_end": egress_time is None,
+                "duration_seconds": duration_seconds,
+                "separation_arcmin": float(min_sep) * 60.0,
+                "moon_radius_arcmin": moon_radius_deg * 60.0,
+                "planet_radius_arcsec": planet_radius_deg * 3600.0,
+                "overlap_fraction": float(overlap_fraction),
+                "is_total": overlap_fraction >= 0.999,
+                "moon_alt_deg": float(moon_hor.altitude),
+                "planet_alt_deg": float(planet_hor.altitude),
+                "sun_alt_deg": float(sun_hor.altitude),
+                "below_horizon": below_horizon,
+                "visibility": {"key": "below_horizon", "label": "Unter Horizont"} if below_horizon
+                    else classify_visibility(float(sun_hor.altitude)),
+            })
+
+    results.sort(
+        key=lambda item: item["maximum"]["utc_iso"] if item["maximum"] else "9999-99-99T99:99:99Z"
+    )
+    return results
+
+
+def action_moon_planet_occultations_for_year(args: list[str]) -> dict:
+    if len(args) != 5:
+        fail(
+            "Aktion moon_planet_occultations_for_year erwartet 5 Argumente: latitude longitude elevation year timezone",
+            extra={"argv": args},
+        )
+
+    latitude = parse_float(args[0], "Latitude")
+    longitude = parse_float(args[1], "Longitude")
+    elevation = parse_float(args[2], "Elevation")
+
+    try:
+        year = int(args[3])
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        fail("Jahr ist ungueltig.", extra={"details": str(exc), "argv": args})
+
+    timezone_name = args[4]
+    try:
+        tz = ZoneInfo(timezone_name)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        fail("Zeitzone ist ungueltig oder auf dem Server nicht verfuegbar.", extra={"details": str(exc)})
+
+    observer = astronomy.Observer(latitude, longitude, elevation)
+    local_start = datetime(year, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+    local_end = datetime(year + 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=tz)
+    utc_start = local_start.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+    utc_end = local_end.astimezone(timezone.utc)
+
+    results = compute_moon_planet_occultations_for_range(observer, utc_start, utc_end, tz)
+
+    return {
+        "ok": True,
+        "action": "moon_planet_occultations_for_year",
+        "selected": {
+            "year": year,
+            "timezone": timezone_name,
+        },
+        "observer": {
+            "latitude": latitude,
+            "longitude": longitude,
+            "elevation": elevation,
+        },
+        "results": results,
+    }
+
+
 # ── satellite_passes ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 import math as _math
@@ -6344,7 +6563,7 @@ def action_barycenter(args: list[str]) -> dict:
 
 def main() -> None:
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
-        fail("Es wurde keine Aktion uebergeben.", extra={"available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "solar_longitude_to_datetime", "current_solar_longitude", "astronomical_conversions", "comet_brightnesses", "favorite_comet_events_for_month", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "planet_ephemeris", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "golden_gate_of_ecliptic_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "planet_parades_for_month", "planet_constellation_changes_for_month", "sun_constellation_changes_for_year", "sun_constellation_offset_statistics", "moon_star_occultations_for_month"]})
+        fail("Es wurde keine Aktion uebergeben.", extra={"available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "solar_longitude_to_datetime", "current_solar_longitude", "astronomical_conversions", "comet_brightnesses", "favorite_comet_events_for_month", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "planet_ephemeris", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "golden_gate_of_ecliptic_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "planet_parades_for_month", "planet_constellation_changes_for_month", "sun_constellation_changes_for_year", "sun_constellation_offset_statistics", "moon_star_occultations_for_month", "moon_planet_occultations_for_year"]})
 
     action = sys.argv[1]
     args = sys.argv[2:]
@@ -6534,6 +6753,11 @@ def main() -> None:
         print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=True))
         return
 
+    if action == "moon_planet_occultations_for_year":
+        result = action_moon_planet_occultations_for_year(args)
+        print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=True))
+        return
+
     if action == "lunar_eclipses_for_year":
         result = action_lunar_eclipses_for_year(args)
         print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=True))
@@ -6544,7 +6768,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         print(json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=True))
         return
 
-    fail("Unbekannte Aktion.", extra={"action": action, "available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "solar_longitude_to_datetime", "current_solar_longitude", "astronomical_conversions", "twilight_chart", "comet_brightnesses", "favorite_comet_events_for_month", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "planet_ephemeris", "planet_visibility_chart", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "golden_gate_of_ecliptic_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "planet_parades_for_month", "planet_constellation_changes_for_month", "sun_constellation_changes_for_year", "sun_constellation_offset_statistics", "moon_star_occultations_for_month"]})
+    fail("Unbekannte Aktion.", extra={"action": action, "available_actions": ["sun_moon_rise_set", "solar_longitude_to_datetime", "current_solar_longitude", "astronomical_conversions", "twilight_chart", "comet_brightnesses", "favorite_comet_events_for_month", "moon_star_occultations", "moon_phase_details", "satellite_passes", "planet_rise_set", "planet_ephemeris", "planet_visibility_chart", "month_sky_context", "moon_phases_for_month", "golden_handle_for_month", "season_changes_for_month", "time_changes_for_month", "moon_planet_approaches", "moon_deep_sky_approaches_for_month", "planet_bright_star_approaches_for_month", "golden_gate_of_ecliptic_for_month", "planet_conjunctions_for_month", "eclipses_for_month", "moon_apsides_for_month", "sun_apsides_for_month", "inner_planet_elongations_for_month", "venus_peak_magnitude_for_month", "outer_planet_events_for_month", "outer_planet_stations_for_month", "jupiter_moons_one_side_for_month", "mercury_good_visibility_for_month", "planet_parades_for_month", "planet_constellation_changes_for_month", "sun_constellation_changes_for_year", "sun_constellation_offset_statistics", "moon_star_occultations_for_month", "moon_planet_occultations_for_year"]})
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":